#include <string>
#include <cctype>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstdio>
void* operator new(std::size_t size) throw(std::bad_alloc)
{
//std::cout << "New size=" << size << std::endl;
//Avoid code that might call new/delete!
std::printf("New size=%lu\n", static_cast<unsigned long>(size));
return std::malloc(size);
}
void operator delete(void* p) throw() //noexcept
{
//std::cout << "Delete" << std::endl;
std::puts("Delete");
std::free(p);
}
int main()
{
//Transform a string in-place
std::string s("hello");
std::transform(s.begin(), s.end(), s.begin(), std::ptr_fun<int, int>(std::toupper));
std::cout << s << std::endl;
//Transform a string while copying
std::string s2;
s2.reserve(s.size());
std::transform(s.begin(), s.end(), std::back_inserter(s2), std::ptr_fun<int, int>(std::tolower));
std::cout << s2 << std::endl;
//Does this cause more memory allocations?
//Yes. In one test it took 4 allocations instead of just one above.
std::string s3;
std::transform(s.begin(), s.end(), std::back_inserter(s3), std::ptr_fun<int, int>(std::tolower));
std::cout << s3 << std::endl;
}